B.Sc. PHYSICS SYLLABUS UNDER CBCS II YEAR B.Sc. -III SEMESTER

[2020-21 Batch onwards]

Course-III: HEAT AND THERMODYNAMICS

(For Non-Maths-Combinations)

Work load: 60 hrs per semester                                                                   4 hrs/week

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 Course outcomes:

On successful completion of this course, the student will be able to:

• Develop an understanding on the concepts of Thermodynamics, Thermoelectricity, Low temperature Physics and Quantum theory of Radiation.
• Develop critical understanding of concept of Thermodynamic potentials and formulation of Maxwell’s
• Get familiarized with the principles of Seebeck effect, Thomson effect and Peltier effect.
• Understand the different methods of production of low temperatures and study the applications of substances at low
• Examine the nature of black body

UNIT-I: Kinetic theory of Gases:               (12 Hrs)

Kinetic theory of gases- Assumptions-Pressure of an ideal gas; molecular interpretation of temperature- Maxwell’s law of distribution of molecular speeds (no derivation); experimental verification; Zeroth law of thermodynamics, Measurement of temperature.

UNIT-II: Thermodynamics  :                      (12 Hrs)

First law of thermodynamics, work done in isothermal and adiabatic changes ,Reversible and irreversible process, Carnot’s cycle, Carnot’s theorem; Second law of thermodynamics, Kelvin’s and Clausius statements; Entropy, physical significance;.

UNIT-III: Low temperature Physics:       (12 Hrs)

Methods for producing very low temperatures, Joule Kelvin effect, Porous plug experiment , Joule expansion-Distinction between adiabatic and Joule Thomson expansion- Production of low temperatures by adiabatic demagnetization (qualitative), Principle of refrigeration, Practical applications of substances at low temperatures.

UNIT-IV: Measurement, Laws and Theories of Radiation:                   (12   Hrs)

Black body, Ferry’s black body, Distribution of energy in the spectrum of Black body, Kirchoff’s law, Wein’s displacement law, Stefan-Boltzmann’s law and Rayleigh-Jean’s law (Statements only), Planck’s radiation formula (no derivations), Solar constant and its determination using Angstrom pyrohelio meter, Estimation of surface temperature of Sun.

UNIT-V: Thermoelectricity :           (12 Hrs)

Seebeck effect, Variation of thermoemf with temperature; Thermo electric series; Measurement of thermoemf using potentiometer, Law of intermediate metals and intermediate temperatures – Peltier effect, Thomson effect; Thermoelectric diagrams and their uses, Thermoelectric power; Applications of thermoelectric effects.

REFERENCE BOOKS

• BSc Physics, Vol.2, Telugu Academy, Hyderabad
• Physics for Biology and Premedical Students –D.N. Burns & SGG Mac Donald
• Unified Physics Vol.II, Optics and Thermodynamics, JaiPrakash Nath & Co.Ltd.,
• Heat and Thermodynamics, N.Subramanyam and L.Brijlal, S.Chand&
• Electricity and Magnetism, N.Subramanyam and L.Brijlal, S.Chand&
• University Physics, HD Young, MW Zemansky, FW Sears, Narosa Publishers, New Delhi