Course II: WAVE OPTICS

(For Non-Maths Combinations)

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Course outcomes:

On successful completion of this course, the student will be able to:

Explain about the different aberrations in lenses and discuss the methods of minimizing
Understand the phenomenon of interference of light and its formation in Lloyd’s single mirror Thin films and Newton’s
Distinguish between Fresnel’s diffraction and Fraunhoffer diffraction and observe the diffraction patterns in the case of single slit and the diffraction
Describe the construction and working of zone plate and make the comparison of zone plate with convex
Explain the various methods of production of plane, circularly and polarized light and their detection and the concept of optical
Comprehend the basic principles of laser and fibre optic communication and their applications.

UNIT –I: Geometric optics (12 hrs)

Aberrations in lenses-Chromatic Aberration-Achromatic Combination of lenses- Monochromatic defects-Spherical aberration-Astigmatism; Coma; Curvature and Distortion- Minimizing aberration.

UNIT-II: Interference (12 hrs)

The superposition principle, Condition for Interference, Classification of Interferences methods-Young’s double slit experiment-Theory, Intensity in interference pattern- Phase change on reflection ; Lloyd’s single mirror; Interference due to plane parallel wedge shaped films, Colours in thin films-Newton rings, Determination of wavelength of light using Newton’s rings.

UNIT-III: Diffraction (12 hrs)

Fresnel and Fraunhoffer diffraction phenomena, Differences between interference and diffraction, Fraunhoffer diffraction of single Slit;Diffraction grating- Determination of wavelength of light using diffraction grating (Normal incidence and Minimum deviation); Resolving power; Zone plate-construction and its comparison with convex lens

UNIT-IV: Polarization (12 hrs)

Polarized light: Production of plane polarized light by reflection, Double refraction; Brewster’s law; Malus law; Nicol prism; Nicol prism as polarizer and analyzer- Quarter wave plate, Half wave plate- Optical activity, determination of specific rotation by Laurent’s half shade polarimeter

UNIT V: Lasers& Fiber Optics(12 hrs)

Lasers-characteristics; Stimulated and Spontaneous emission, Population inversion, Laser principle, Ruby laser, He-Ne laser, Applications of lasers

Introduction to fibres, Different types of fibres, Principles of fiber communication (qualitative treatment only), Advantages of optical fibre communication

REFERENCE BOOKS

BSc Physics, Vol.2, Telugu Academy, Hyderabad
Physics for Biology and Premedical Students –D.N. Burns & SGG Mac Donald
Unified Physics Vol.II, Optics and Thermodynamics, JaiPrakash Nath & Co.Ltd., Meerut.
Optics, AjoyGhatak, Tata Mc Graw-Hill.
Fundamentals of Optics, H.R. Gulati and D.R. Khanna, 1991, R. Chand Publication
Introduction of Lasers – Avadhanulu, S.Chand&
Principles of Optics- BK Mathur, Gopala Printing Press, 1995